p. 572) says that Pancakes, the Pancakes, the Norman Crispellae,, are taken from the Fornacalia, on Feb. 18th, in memory of the practice in use before the goddess Fornax invented ovens.. A few years back I was invited to be involved in a Shrove Tuesday live radio broadcast from the Nottinghamshire village of Linby. Its origins may be very ancient even pre-Christian perhaps. my. From Dartmoor the rivers flow in a radial pattern to the north and south coasts and to the River Tamar (the Cornish boundary); from Exmoor they flow seaward via the River Exe and northward to the Bristol Channel. Posts. Whatever era of history you're into, you'll find plenty to uncover here. Happy Birthday Devon Song. Listen free to Devon Culture - Cultivate (Red Light Green Light, 9 and more). http://www.AHappyBirthdaySong.comWe don't tweet often, but when we do it's usually worth reading. music.apple.com/us/album/on-demand-single/1641306523. Sit down and relax and enjoy my sultry sound of R&B 11 June 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours PA Media Captain Suzi and Major Erik Nielsen have a date at Buckingham Palace A Royal Navy couple have been recognised in the Queen's Birthday Honours list. 2022 Preview 1 Pro 2:30 May 13, 2022 1 Song, 2 minutes 2022 SongBook Entertainment/Devon Culture Music, LLC Also available in the iTunes Store More By Devon Culture Cultivate - EP 2020 Off the Ground - EP 2018 Dive In (feat. In 1688, the Prince of Orange first landed in England at Brixham (where his statue stands in the town harbour) to launch the Glorious Revolution and his journey to London to claim the English throne as William III. It was then a separate kingdom for a number of centuries until it was incorporated into early England. not only that but many famous historical figures from the maritime world feature in Devon's past, including Sir Francis Drake, Sir Richard Grenville and Sir Walter Raleigh. No Conversation The Colleagues, Devon Culture. Devon has a strong culture focusing around the seafront and its rural villages, but its two cities are full of compelling stories. Art museums and galleries in Devon (8 P) Arts in Devon (1 C, 1 P) C. Devonshire cuisine (1 C, 6 P) D. It has remained a largely agriculture based region ever since though tourism is now very important. With more on offer than scones, clotted cream and pasties, Cornwall & Devon are extremely popular for their seafront cafes, specialist restaurants and friendly bistros using local produce fresh from the markets. Butter - Devon Culture | Shazam Early trading ports are known to have existed at Mount Batten (Plymouth)[1] and at Bantham where ancient tin ingots were found in 1991-92 according with classical reports of tin trading with the Mediterranean [2]Aillen Fox, 1996. The Dumnonii survived the 7th-century Saxon conquests, but both Saxon and Briton became subjects of Wessex. The higher status locals there often lived in banked homesteads known as 'Rounds', while East Devon had a number of luxurious villas, such as that discovered at Holcombe, as well as Roman roads of the sophisticated cobbled type. In October 1690 there was an earthquake in Barnstaple. This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. We made this video for Devon on their special birthday day and we wish them the best birthday ever!Need a birthday banner for your party? . Devon collaborates with school districts throughout Oklahoma and southeast New Mexico on new STEM Centers. Guy Fawkes's Day (5 November) commemorates the foiling . There are over 500 known Neolithic sites on the moor, in the form of burial mounds, stone rows, stone circles and ancient settlements such as the one at Grimspound. Exeter was taken by the Norman William I the Conqueror in 1068, and a castle was built there in 1348. This is due to the belief that the hours of the day will reflect the weather month by month throughout that year. Chief amongst them were Plympton, Okehampton, Barnstaple, Totnes and Harberton. However, the earliest reference I can find is by a H. E. P. Stuffynwood, near Mansfield in Notes & Queries 2nd S. vol. Every woman who agreed to do this was to bake pancakes for this meal on Shrove Tuesday as a kind of pledge to fulfil her vow. Barry Cunliffe: Mount Batten Plymouth: A Prehistoric and Roman Port. The largest, Hembury Fort, was probably the capital of the Dumnonii, a British tribe, until the foundation of Exeter as a Roman frontier station at the termination of Fosse Way. Between 1964 and 1980 the number of farm holdings fell by 25 percent, but the average size increased. Take it fast or slow, girl, that's on you (You), options. In 2006 the mine areas in West Devon and nearby Cornwall were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site. Intriguing Regency house and impressive collection of horse-drawn vehicles, set in picturesque gardens and ground. In 1470, Edward IV pursued Warwick and Clarence as far as Exeter after the Battle of Lose-coat Field. 3.6 Management. But if it chance to snow or rain, But there's more to Devon's history and culture than the coast, you'll find evidence of the Romans and their influence on Exeter; the Viking invasion, and battle sites in North Devon; the story of Exeter Cathedral, now over 1,000 years old; mining and farming. In fact several of the best known pirates in the world were from Devon! For example in many places Michaelmas was known as Goose Day and the last portion of grain was referred to cutting the ganders neck in Shropshire. Those two areas of moorland contain the main sources of rivers for the county. Michaelmas may be remembered in some areas such as school and university terms but in the goose has gone! The Dumnonii did not mint coins, unlike their neighbours to the east the Durotriges, but coins of the Dobunni have been found in the area. Thus that may influence the relevance of the method its geographical scope! . Area administrative county, 2,534 square miles (6,564 square km); geographic county, 2,590 square miles (6,707 square km). Dartmoor is thought to have been settled by Mesolithic hunter-gatherer peoples from about 6000 BC, and they later cleared much of the oak forest, which regenerated as moor. As The Royal Devon Culture Club picked up Percival Everett's provocative take on racism and revenge, all of the members were struck by the injustice at its core. Becky Falls are arguably the most recognisable falls in the south of England, having been open to visitors since 1903. The author of the excellent weatherwithouttechnology.co.uk notes that: This is a good guide for the first six months, but after that tails off somewhat. More significantly perhaps for Linbys claims he then states: The Saxons called February Solmonath, which Dr. F. Sayers, in his Disquisitions, says is explained by Bedes Mensis Placentarum, and rendered by Spelman, in an inedited MS., Pancake month because in the course of it cakes were offered by the Pagan Saxons to the Sun.. Warwick eventually escaped to France via Dartmouth. When you're looking for a birthday party place in Devon Devon Lanes is your party headquarters. By the 9th century, the major threat to peace in Devon came from Viking raiders. When the Pancake day stamp arose is difficult to work out but certainly by the 1980s adverts, in the main associated with lemon juice, the secularisation was becoming well established. What many share in. By. They bring some fowl at Midsummer, a dish of fish in Lent, a charity event held in Devon, England. 1. 11 June 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours David Cox said he was "very proud" and thanked the "efforts of a lot of people", who helped deliver meals to those in need People who helped their. Further north there was snow. About the Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust (RD&E) The RD&E has a long and proud history dating back over 250 years. As a separate Trust, we provided high-quality care to around 450,000 people in Exeter and across East and Mid-Devon in a large acute teaching hospital, twelve community hospitals, various community settings and in . In the following century, it passed to the Courtenays, who had already acquired Okehampton, and, in 1335, they received the earldom too. The Fursdon family have lived here for over 750 years, and opened the house, tearoom and gardens to the public on certain days from Easter to the end of September. Later, Richard III travelled to Exeter to personally punish those who had inflamed the West against him. The setting is stunning with views across the parkland and beyond. For this first-ever broadcast on his own birthday, Devon will play songs of anniversary-marking, blues (and beyond) from the year of his birth, along with music from other members of the class of '74. Its. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. It appears to have been common belief across the country that on the 1st of March the fleas arrived back in the house. As per our current Database, Devon Franklin is still alive (as per Wikipedia, Last update: May 10, 2020). There is evidence of occupation in the county from Stone Age times onward. Currently available as a Birthday Party package for 6 or more. I celebrate the day your design was manifested. Should anyone want to revive this custom widely and publish predictions they state that: When following the weather on this day, it is necessary to observe and note down its phases hour by hour, or even every half hour throughout the day from 6am until 6pm. Smallpox epidemics occurred in the 1640s, 1710s and 1760s, resulting in many deaths. The Culture That is Devon. In addition to celebrating DeVons birthday, the couple has new projects in the works. It isn't just castles and stately homes you can find here, you'll also findworking museums, the oldest working distillery in the UK and more! In addition to art, Exeter's RAMM displays artifacts from a variety of world cultures, often initially obtained from private collections. A. Whilst it does not mention the Linby story it does place the origins in the same period of time. Devon, administrative, geographic, and historic county of England. Clear. Devon has experienced great changes, including the rise of the tourist industry on the so-called English Riviera, decline of farming and fishing, urbanisation, and also proliferation of holiday homes in for example Salcombe. This black army not only described the fleas appearance but made them synonymous with the Devil for it was also said that: The Devil shakes a bag of fleas at everybodys door on 1st March.. The Dartmoor tin-mining industry thrived for hundreds of years, continuing from pre-Roman times right through to the first half of the 20th century. Dartmouth Castle was used as a defence post and that's not the only connection Devon has to the conflict, Slapton Sands was the host of a rehearsal for D-Day and you'll find a Sherman Tank at Torcross at the end of the beach, while large areas of North Devon were used by American soldiers and you can find a number of old Pill Boxes along the South West Coast Path. Lyrics for top songs by Devon Culture. Through research, rescue and rehoming, veterinary care, global programmes and advocacy work, we strive for a world where donkeys and mules live free from suffering. Interestingly, Violets will bring fleas into the house in March according to an article in 1993 in Folklore called Plants used for pest control; some 20th century examples by Roy Vickery suggesting that being collected in 1985 there might have been some recent belief in the custom at least at Langtoft in Lincolnshire where it as collected. In truth it was probably the change in climate that allowed cocoons laid in dust and fabrics to hatch and fleas to appear in great number. The predictive nature of the verses thus is three-fold. Stannary authority exceeded English law, and because this authority applied to part-time miners (e.g. Reed joined Devon Properties as a partner in 2016, extending the company's service offerings to meet the needs of our growing clientele and broadening our business footprint into new markets across British Columbia. We understand that home birthday parties are a lot of work: picking a birthday theme, getting party invitations, decorating for the party, cooking, entertaining during the party, and then cleaning up after the guests leave! Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Sort by. In addition, the villagers will tell you that in this part of the country there were no red haired people before the Danes came; that all were either fair, or black haired before that time. Devon has a birthday. 4.1 Work-Life Balance. HAPPY BIRTHDAY ..what can I say? Dartmoor, with shallow marshy valleys, thin infertile soils, and a vegetation of coarse grasses, heather, and bracken, is a granite plateau rising to above 2,000 feet (600 metres), the crests capped by granite tors (isolated weathered rocks); the moor is used for rough grazing, reforestation, reservoirs, and military training and is a popular area for tourists. The association of pancakes with Shrove Tuesday is unlike perhaps any food associated with a calendar day Christmas has cakes, mince pies and puddings (and much else I would add), Easter hot cross buns, biscuits and Simnel cakes but Shrove Tuesday is really only associated with one type of food. The English defeated a combined Cornish and Danish force at Callington in 832. This belief even added geographical reference in Somerset, for a Yeovil it is said that they came marching down Hendford Hill, and at Crewkerne similarly down Cemetery Hill! The parliament maintained its own gaol at Lydford and had a brutal and 'bloody' reputation (indeed Lydford law became a byword for injustice), and once even gaoled an English MP in the reign of Henry VIII. Similarly, an interesting lost Shrove Tuesday tradition is recorded at Aspley Hall, which may have been more common countrywide. Dartmoor has become a National Park, as has Exmoor. In 1050 King Edward the Confessor combined Devon and Cornwall and Leofric was appointed Bishop of Exeter[16]. Towns such as Totnes were particularly noted for their wealth owing to the wool and tin trade with the Continent in this period. Omissions? The historic county comprises the entire geographic county, as well as a small area along the border of the district of West Dorset in the administrative county of Dorset and a larger area extending west from Werrington along the River Otter within the historic district of North Cornwall in the Cornwall unitary authority. The population declined in the 19th century but has subsequently increased due to the favourable climate and the arrival of the railways. Devon Hales is an American actress who is best known for Teenage Bounty Hunters (2020), Storage (2011) and The Resident (2018). The ports of Exeter, Plymouth, Barnstaple, and Dartmouth thrived from medieval times on the export of tin and cloth (a staple industry) until these both declined in the 19th century, causing rural depopulation that was alleviated only by the rise of tourism, which rapidly increased during the railway era. [11] The end of the fighting appears to have been a protracted and miserable affair. In 1842 the population was said to be mainly employed in agriculture. (Source: Cadbury UK @CadburyUK/Twitter) A UK woman was left shocked when she found a century old wrapper of Dairy Milk under her bathroom floorboards in her 1930s home. The countys generally mild climate becomes more extreme with elevation and distance from the sea, and rainfall increases from about 30 inches (760 mm) on the south coast to more than 60 inches (1,500 mm) on Exmoor and 80 inches (2,000 mm) on Dartmoor. In about 910 the bishopric was again divided, with each county getting its own bishopric and Eadwulf became the first Bishop of Crediton. In the 12th century, the honour of Plympton, along with the Earldom of Devon, was given to the Redvers family. Raids westwards from the core territories of Wessex seem to have been set in motion about 660. Early in Henry VII's reign, the royal pretender, Perkin Warbeck, besieged Exeter in 1497. During the Civil War, the cities of Devon largely favoured the Parliamentarian cause, and by and large the rural areas favoured the Royalists. Devon Birthday Weekends Activities Everything Trending Female Male Motorised Night Time Sporty Wild Afternoon Tea; Assault Course; Axe Throwing; Battlezone Archery; Beer Tasting Events; Much of central and northwestern Devon is given over to grassland. United States 416 reviews. Wodehouse while glorifying crude comedians By Dominic Sandbrook for the Daily Mail Published: 20:12 EST, 4 March . 9. This banked and palisaded fortress contained mostly barracks and workshops, but also a magnificent bath-house and was occupied for approximately twenty years. Now folklorists have seen some significance with the association of the custom with a menhir suggesting an ancient custom and as such the following is of considerable interest. A traditional farming estate in the heart of the Devonshire countryside, this family home is a place of real tranquility and calm. .. you've been my truest, most beautiful gift.. my most amazing life changing blessing. Stream ad-free with Amazon Music Unlimited on mobile, desktop, and tablet. Add lyrics. The 1926 grant was of arms alone. The Welsh Triads name Celliwig in Cornwall as a possible site of a royal court, another is High Peak close to Sidmouth. John Gay in his 1716 Trivia, or The Art of Walking the Streets of London, also notes: All superstition from thy breast repel Let credulous boys and prattling nurses How if the Festival of Paul be clear tell Plenty from liberal horn shall show the year rain When the dark skies dissolve in snow or The lab ring hind shall yoke the steer in vain roar But if the threatening winds in tempests Then War shall bathe her wasteful sword in gore He concludes Let no such vulgar tales debase thy mind and wind Nor Paul nor Swithin rule the clouds.. [13] Some sources, notably the Cornish antiquary William Borlase, state that the expulsion of the Britons from Exeter was the first act in a military campaign against the West Welsh led by thelstan. It is said that from this day onward, she promised always to eat goose on that day feeling it had brought her good luck. I feel honored, blessed, humbled, lucky and grateful to be on this epic journey with you. A lot of time and care has been put into looking after them since then, and now you can choose from a list of routes to reach the 66ft (20m) waterfalls, depending on how adventurous you're feeling. Check below for more deets about Devon Hales. Devon - Card Tarjeta_181 - Happy Birthday. Michaelmas Day once had an association with eating goose. But why the 25th? Devon is a large county in South West England, bordered by Cornwall to the west, and Dorset and Somerset to the east. . Immediately after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror recognised the importance of securing the loyalty of the West Country and thus the need to secure Exeter. Cold winters were a feature of the 17th century, that of 1676 being particularly hard. Devon is a large county in South West England, bordered by Cornwall to the west, and Dorset and Somerset to the east. This tribal name carried on into the Roman and post-Roman periods. 01. Within Devons boundaries is a wide variety of scenery, including Dartmoor National Park and, in the north, part of Exmoor National Park. Dec 18, 2020. Great store of birds and beasts shall die; Butter Devon Culture. The name "Devon" derives from the tribe of Celtic people who inhabited the south-western peninsula of Britain at the time of the Roman invasion in 43 AD, the Dumnonii - possibly meaning 'Deep Valley Dwellers' (Cornish: Dewnans, Welsh: Dyfnaint, Breton: Devnent) or 'Worshippers of the god Dumnonos'. Dairy cattle are most important in eastern, northwestern, and southern Devon, and Devonshire clotted cream is still produced. Welcome to a different world! They discovered that Devon is markedly distinct from Cornwall, and that although Devon was also distinct from the rest of Southern England, it was less so than Cornwall. YouTube Video. And if the winds do flie aloft, It was exported from Mount Batten in prehistoric times. The annual horror convention held a three-day celebration in North Carolina where thousands partied and got their scare on. 5 tracks (17:23). The Normans also built castles at Totnes, Okehampton, and Plympton; those, like the burhs, acted as nuclei for the growth of towns. p. 353 records a curious: At the village of Holne, situated on one of the spurs of Dartmoor, is a field of about two acres, the property of the parish, and called the Ploy (play) Field. To confound them, Alfred the Great refortified Exeter as a defensive burh, followed by new erections at Lydford, Halwell and Pilton, although these fortifications were relatively small compared to burhs further east, suggesting these were protection for only the elite. If clouds and mist do mark the sky Great store of birds and beasts will die.. Environmental Performance Targets and Progress Devon's targets focus on reducing the carbon intensity of our operations, minimizing freshwater use, and engaging constructively with our value chain. Until about 1300 it produced more than Cornwall but production declined with the opening of the deep Cornish mines. The administrative county comprises the districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, and Torridge; the borough of West Devon; and the city of Exeter, the county seat. Follow us on twitter @ahappybdaysonghttps://twitter.com/ahappybdaysongDon't forget to share your birthday wishes with your loved ones on Facebook and Twitter and thank you for watching. Liked by Devon Julian Join now to see all activity Experience CEO Culture Cannabis Club Jan 2019 - Present4 years Irvine, California, United States A multistate cannabis retail operator with. Devon Birthday Party Venues in Devon Here's our pick of the best birthday party venues in Devon with function suites, event space and private dining room hire perfect for 18th birthday parties, 21st, 30th, 40th, 50th or 60th! Whether it is celebrity chef Rick Stein at Padstow, or the local fish sellers on the beach at Beer in Devon, you are always close to good food, cooked to perfection. The King himself came down to judge the prisoners and to thank the citizens for their loyal resistance. Reels Devon was originally part of the bishopric of Winchester, but in around 705 the see was divided and a separate bishopric of Sherborne was established, covering Devon, Dorset and Somerset, with Aldhelm as its first bishop. happy birthday Devon song,song,happy birthday song Devon,Devon happy birthday song,happy birthday to you Devon,happy,birthday,happy birthday,happy birthday to you,happy birthday song,personalized happy birthday songs,song happy birthday,birthday happy song,a song for your birthday, Home Home; Podcasts Podcasts; Library; Cancel. hunting preserves. 2023 ESSENCE Communications Inc. All Rights Reserved. Their ends are often marked by a cairn, a stone circle, or a standing stone (see menhir). Sample the local cheeses with a glass of farmhouse cider or chilled wine and you will be in gourmet heaven.Devon is also a fantastic venue that caters for every occasion, you can shake off the pounds in a gym then chill out with a luxurious beauty treatment, treat that special one in your life.Unspoilt, uncrowded and wild in places, Cornwall & Devon are full of beauty. [Chorus] Red light, green light. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Eating Out in Devon for Conference Delegates, Travelling to Devon for Conference Delegates, Arlington Court and the National Trust Carriage Museum, Great Scenic Railways of Devon and Cornwall. Nestled in the shadow of Dartmoor, in a beautiful wooded valley beside the river Dart, Buckfast Abbey offers visitors a tranquil refuge from the hectic pace of everyday life., Voted Best Small Attraction in Devon, Stuart Line Cruises is a multi-award-winning, family-run passenger boat company, based in the traditional seaside town of Exmouth, in. Enquire. Fun For Over 5s. The inhabitants of any of the villages will inform the questioner that when the Danes got to Linby all the Saxon men of the neighbouring villages ran off into the forest, and the Danes took the Saxon women to keep house for them. The most fertile soil is in southeastern Devon. This was done, and that the massacre of the Danes did take place on Ash Wednesday is a well-known historical fact. but there was a great desire for peace in the region and, in 1643 a treaty for the cessation of hostilities in Devon and Cornwall was agreed. vii. After the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, Judge Jefferies held one of his bloody assizes at Exeter. My Love .. Or call us on 01752 418038. Fill your day with a walk on the moors, lunch in a village pub, or an afternoon spotting wildlife in wooded valleys and perhaps an evening at the Minack Theatre, perched on the cliffs of Cornwall. Find out more about our charity work here. South Devon impressed him but be thought that north Devon was wild, barren and poor. Devon Culture. For many say the 25 th January and the acknowledgement would be Burn's Night, but country folk also identified the day, St Paul's Day or St Annanias Day, as one of the days of the year in which the weather for the rest of the year could be predicted. One early origin is in Thomas Tussers Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry from 1620 which refers to the separate custom of feeding the first pancake to the hen. Firstly he states that: In connection with the custom of eating pancakes on this day, Fosbroke in his Encyclopaedia of Antiquities (vol. Choose from luxurious, affordable and low cost options, some with free function room hire. Add lyrics. He was given a life sentence in 1999 for taking an art teacher hostage in prison. The Britons (West Welsh, Cornishmen) certainly survived in Devon beyond this date because they apparently re-entered Exeter at a later date and an area was known as "Brittayne" in the south west quarter of the city until the 18th century. Historic Dartington Hall is an inspiring, 1200-acre cultural destination just outside Totnes. Sitting on the end of the M5, Devon is ideally placed to enjoy the most South-Westerly part of the country. After marking many a blues-man and -woman's birthday over the last 10+ years on the air,Fog City Blues celebrates its own. Edward the Elder built similarly at Barnstaple and Totnes. In the end a ram was provided for the roast with little ceremony and in its final entity became the villages fete which apparently still continues it a sanitised format today.
Did you know Devon is full of amazing history and heritage attractions? Discover more music, concerts, videos, and pictures with the largest catalogue online at Last.fm. The coastal areas of East Devon, as well as those of neighbouring Dorset, were named a World Heritage site (2001). A day out at Hartland Abbey, a stately home and popular film location in a stunning valley a mile from Hartland Quay on the N W Devon coast, is to step back in time. Just recently it was announced that DeVon is set to co-host TLCs This Is Life Live while Meagan can be seen in the newly released crime drama, Deuces on Netflix. Welcome to the Itinerary Planner. Remains of a tusk, molar tooth, other bones of a woolly mammoth, a partial skull and mandible of a woolly rhinoceros date to the middle of the last Ice Age between 60,000 and 30,000 years ago.[3][4][5][6]. Plymouth played an important role as a naval port in both World War I and World War II. Additional taxes may apply. Birthday Weekends In Devon Back to Birthday Weekends. Thus it is thought the custom spread. Great disturbances throughout the county followed the introduction of Edward VI's Book of Common Prayer. KALW 91.7FM (@kalwradio) Instagram photos and videos, PublishedOctober 25, 2017 at 6:26 AM PDT, KALW | To enjoy Prime Music, go to Your Music Library and transfer your account to Amazon.com (US). Red Light Green Light Devon Culture. You are here > Home > Things To Do > Attractions > History & Culture, A day out at Hartland Abbey, a stately home and popular film location in a stunning valley a mile, Voted Best Small Attraction in Devon, Stuart Line Cruises is a multi-award-winning, family-run, SOUTH DEVON RAILWAY
It encompasses the administrative county and the unitary authorities of Plymouth and Torbay. Our Company; People can literally watch you GRIND years for it..and still find a way to tell you, you don't deserve it. In 1853, the curate of Holne in N. & Q. Devon was one of the first areas of Great Britain settled following the end of the last ice age. Plymouth Hoe is famous as the location where Drake continued to play bowls after hearing that the Spanish Armada had been sighted. It includes four specially crafted activities that are combined to offer physical challenge, something new, to conquer your fears and to have FUN!
Social Security Payment Schedule For 2022, Articles D
Social Security Payment Schedule For 2022, Articles D