ekpe society cameroon

[30][31] Another reason given by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku asserts that the Uruan accused the Efik of wizardry and of being responsible for the frequent seizure of their children by crocodiles. [51] When the twins were older, they left for the opposite end of the island to Duke town. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Ekpe members request nsibidi designs of personal or communal significance. Updates? In the culture we have discussed, the term badenya refers to: the relationship between the mother and child, and full siblings - implying closeness, trust, cooperation, unselfishness, and acceptance of rules. Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. [14], The name "Efik" translates to "Oppressors" and is derived from the Efik-Ibibio verb root "Fik" (English: Oppress). two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. 16, 2014 3 likes 6,498 views Download Now Download to read offline Education Spiritual Technology A short description of the ancient Ekpe Masquerade and its cultural and spiritual significance, in the life of the people of the Cross River basin. Many believe this groups village at present day Deir el-Medina was the original location where freemasonry began. [66] Originally, the Efik obtained slaves by going to war with other communities or creating confusion in other communities. (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: What events prevent their success? Although used exclusively by members of Ekpe, ukara is produced by a sub-group in a village of the Ezillo community in present-day Ebonyi State in the Igbo area in southeastern Nigeria. Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. [51] The Enwang people moved to the present site of Henshaw town.[51]. Okoho Efiom bore the twins at Nsutana and raised them up for years. Nigeria and Cameroon (Lebialem and Manyu), Ekpe Society Resolutions from meeting held on September 16th 2011 in DC, Auto-Biography of Sisiku Emmanuel Ojong-Orock, Leader of Cameroonian Ekpe Lodge in Metropolitan DC. [37] When the Efik realised what was going on, they rose to their feet and fought back. At Ughoton, to the southwest of Benin, a different type of mask is used, in the cult. Enyi laja na lasha b nyeere ha aka idi nsogbu nd baara ha. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. The Ekpe Society is a religious and cultural institution among the Efik people, it can also be found among the Annang and the Ibibios. [76], Prior to the introduction of European-styled clothing, the Efik wore loin clothes made of Raffia (Efik: Ndam). "[29] Essien's criticism is supported by the fact that in some Efik trado-religious songs, Atakpor Uruan is greatly extolled. The missionaries who arrived in 1846 contributed to the changes in women's attire in Efik society. There are different narratives on the arrival of the Efik at Creek Town. [74][75] Covering, concealing, and protecting their bodies, it functions as a physical metaphor for the ideological secrecy that the Ekpe society carefully constructs and guards. It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. 4. [65] Although the missionaries and rulers of Creek town and Duke town protested, their protests fell on deaf ears. Due to the role they played during the era of the triangular trade, their prominence in literature and art, there has been a lot of academic scholarship on the people. [16] Baikie said Ibibio are traced to the Igbo. The Ekpe Masquerade Jun. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world [26][28] This theory was narrated at the Hart's enquiry by Etubom Ededem Ekpenyong Oku but has been criticised by Uruan writers such as Dominic Essien. When the threads are cut, the nsibidi designs stand out, white against a deep blue background. Ivor Miller: The voice of the leopard is the main symbol of the Ekpe society of the Cross River region ofNigeria and Cameroon, which was re-created in colonial Cuba as the Abaku society. Other trading items sold by the Efik included rubber, ivory, barwood and redwood. [11] The bulk of the Enwang and Usukakpa are located in the present-day Akwa Ibom state. Sisiku Ojong-Orock was born on Saturday October 2nd, 1948 in Ogomoko Village,Eyumojock Sub-Division, Manyu Division in the Republic of Cameroon, West Africa. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors ( ikan ). Determine the meaning of the italicized word in each sentence by examining the context. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. [37] When many of the Efik had left for Ndodoghi, a series of unfortunate events occurred. Our newsletter gives you access to a curated selection of the most important stories daily. [40] They are well respected agents of wealth distribution in the community. Free masons were originally an ancient Egyptian fraternity of builders, with Imhotep, as their founder and chief sculptor. Photo by Eli Bentor. . On behalf of Ekpe-USA Leadership, I hereby remind every member of Ngbe who has taken the aoth that our fathers and great grand fathers took to uphold those sacred traditions and beliefs, to immediately start preparations to do what they must do to send our brother to join our ancestors. [9][38] The Adiabo group is believed to have left to their present location after the Mbiabo exodus. These missionaries together with King Eyo Honesty II brought several changes to Old Calabar society. [36] kp had four major roles in pre-colonial life. (Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death). [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. Google Scholar Aye, E. A. During his research, Miller has identified many cultural links between Africa and the Americas, particularly between Cuba, Nigeria and Cameroon, which share a common heritage. [58] Antera Duke also known as Ntiero Edem Efiom was an Efik trader whose diary reveals several daily activities in Old Calabar between 1785 and 1788. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. Ekpe could take life and could give it; it could condemn a whole town to a heavy fine and was promptly paid; it could punish offenders and could forgive; even kings and Obongs could never escape Ekpe laws and edicts.[69]. JavaScript is disabled. By the 18th and 19th centuries, the Efik strategy for filling the international demand for slaves was via obtaining slaves from inland slave traders such as Eniong, Ndokki and Arochukwu. The symbols are arranged in a grid, giving the cloths an orderly, symmetrical quality that is often reinforced by repeated patterns. [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". My party of 4 spent $400 at Space 220 in Disney World. Here is a list of some of Africa's most prominent cults of all time: The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. I hope Queen Victoria and young prince will live long time and we get good friend. The Efik Language and Its Future. He views the Cuban initiation system known as Abaku, which was based on kp society, as a collective way for African descendants to maintain their historical memory. [49] Prior to the arrival of the Efiom Ekpo group, oral tradition has it that when some Efik migrated to Creek town from Ndodoghi, The Enwang did not join them but migrated to the present site of Duke town. [59] According to Rev. [43] Stephen D. Behrendt and Eric J. Graham revealed in a 2003 publication that by the time the first documented European sailing vessel arrived in 1625, the Efik had already settled at Creek Town and Old Town. The Efik speak the Efik language which is a member of the BenueCongo subfamily of the Niger-Congo language group. Papers documenting the research materials and scholarly work of Dr. Ivor L. Miller in cultural studies of the African Diaspora. The earliest proponent of the Igbo origin was William Baikie who stated in his 1856 publication, "All the coast dialects from One to Old Kalabar, are, either directly or indirectly, connected with Igbo, which later Dr Latham informs me is certainly related to the Kafir class". While their political authority is largely diminished today, Ekpe membership is still prestigious and the society continues to be a unifying force among the Ejagham, Igbo, Efik, Ibibio, and other cultural groups in the Cross River region. Due to the rise of Calabar as a commercial centre since the 18th century, Efik settlements experienced a high rate of inward migration consisting of Sierra Leoneans, Lebanese, Cameroonians, Jamaicans and several other communities. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. The first letter of the word is correctly written as "" and denotes plurality. [1] Ekpe members always wear masks when performing their police duties, and although individuals may nonetheless be recognized, fear of retribution from the ikan stops people from accusing those members who may overstep their limits. In Ekpe, he is a product of a dynasty of more than five Generations of Ekpe Sisikus, also known as Nfor Ngbe or Ekpe Chiefs. [38] The Efik bard Adiaha Etim Anua recites in her 1910 ballad that "Mkpana Ndodoghi Edik. In the traditional Soninke tale of "Gasire's Lute", the son of the king contributes tragically to the fall of his kingdom when he: becomes too impatient to become king himself, gets his own sons killed in battle, becomes a poet-bard rather than wait to become king, causes his own people to rebel against his desire to keep fighting. The Leopard Society was allegedly a cannibalistic society in the early-to-mid 2oth century in Sierra Leone, Libera and Cte dIvoire. . Children of Efik maternal descent are still regarded as Efik and have contributed to the development of the Efik society. Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. Several theories have been propounded on the origin of the word. One-word searches work best.Use AND to require multiple terms: LEFT Small ukara with minute patterned design and Omu Aro symbol. Iwewe is a type of boiled yam mashed with a small amount of palm oil and stirred with a spoon. The primary society is located in the Cross River, Akwa Ibom and Arochukwu areas of Nigeria, and the secondary society consists of members from the Southern and Eastern Igbo groups of the same country. Abakua is an Afro-Cuban mens secret society related to the Ekpe. In Cuba, the Ekoi are always evoked as early founders of the Abaku society,18 and their spirits are worshiped. [32] Oku adds that the Uruan were adverse to the Efik custom of burying strangers with their dead and did not share in the practice carried out by the Efik. The tentative program is as follows: January 27th and 28th, 2012. There are said to be at least three mass migration from Ndodoghi. The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Simple theme. These lettere were heeded to and in April 1846, the first missionaries arrived Old Calabar. [6][7], The name Efik first appears in historical literature in the nineteenth century. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. [15] Ekereke and Ekereke further assert that the word was later changed to "Efik". [70] Several meals were composed of yam such as Usu abia, Iwk abia, Afia abia, sb abia, Edifrai abia and fp abia. identity. Individual symbols may also have multiple meanings, rendering context important and interpretation inevitable in the "reading" of the body of represented signs. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. Within Nigeria, the Efik can be found in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom state. [48] Jeffreys theory is unpopular with a large majority of the Efik. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended Another theory narrated by Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong asserts that Antia Ekot Otong founded Obutong. They believed feasting on a human strengthened their bonds. It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. The earliest documented letter to an English captain from a chief of Old Calabar was written in 1770. The practice and display of Ekpe masquerade have been modified. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. All Ekpe members are hereby reminded that under Ekpe custom, we do not leave the lifeless body of our warriors in the battle field, and we certainly do not leave the remains of an Ekpe chief unguarded. They use a variety of masks to execute social control. [80] Ivory bracelets (Efik: Mme) were worn by wealthy women. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . The traditional attire for men usually consists of a white long-sleeved shirt, a long broad soft neckerchief or scarf of costly material (Efik: kpmkpm) and a wrapper tied around the waist (Efik: Usobo).[83]. Welcome, Love, Peace and Unity in Nsibidi. Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. The society is not a 'secret society or a cult,'3 what is secret is the representations of its emblem in material symbol - the ekpe stone and the nsibidi (sign language). Among those who migrated with the Ngolo were various other nations who would later become part of the Oroko ethnic group. These are: the oral historians, kings' advisors, poets, and musicians whose power is the ability to manipulate words. In the Song of Ocol, Lawino's husband gives his side, arguing that: Ocol throws Lawino out of his house because: Ocol says that "__________________________ are chains around the neck, chains of slavery". It is also found among a number of other ethnic groups, including the Bahumono of the Cross River State, the Ibibio, the Uruan and the Oron of Akwa Ibom State, Arochukwu and some other parts of Abia State, as well as in the diaspora, such as in Cuba and Brazil. I'm a queer mom and my daughter has decided to attend an anti-gay Bible college. [54] The name "Agbisherea" (also known as Egbosherry) appended in the names of the two kings listed by Barbot, was the name of the country, on the coast of which they traded from. Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Resume: La communaure cubaine Abakua-descendantedes communautes :EB:k Ekpe et Ejagham ~gbedu Sud Est du Nigeria etdu Sud Ouest du Cameroun-a ete fondee ala Havane dans les annees 1830 par des leaders captures des villages de Cross River. And there are definitely more than 10 Ekpe members still around today. The society combines a kind of freemasonry with political and law enforcing aims. Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. The destruction of Obutong occurred in 1854. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The group believes that when they eat human flesh, they gain the ability to transform into a crocodile. Among these cuisines include Ekpang nkukwo, Edikang Ikong, Afia efere, Anyan Ekpang, Afang soup and several others. Ekpe, also known as Mgbe/Egbo (Ekoi language: leopard; derived from the Ibibio term for the same), is a West African secret society in Nigeria and Cameroon flourishing chiefly among the Efiks. Among the Southern Igbo, the Ekpe society, introduced from the Cross River area, uses contrasting masks to represent the maiden spirit and the elephant spirit, the latter representing ugliness and aggression and the former representing beauty and peacefulness. Now we can't sell slaves again we must have too much man for country; and want something for make work and trade, and if we could get seed for cotton and coffee we could make trade. Although Behrendt and Graham reveal that Calabar had been a major trading port since the first half of the seventeenth century, Efik historians such as Aye assert that the Efik had been trading with the Europeans since the last quarter of the 15th century. [82] The name Itu ita translates to three manatees and is named because the masts of the ship resembled the manatee (Itu). Animals such as goats, chicken and dogs are consumed in Efik cuisine. I am a young researcher who have a great love for forest conservation, community . As the slave trade was declining due to the strong global campaign against it, the effects on slave trading ports along the African coast was greatly experienced.

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