the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet

Categories . Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. Devine, P. G. (1989). What groups illustrate ambivalent biases, seemingly competent but cold, or warm but incompetent? Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The jury . It applies U.S. GAAP and reports in U.S. dollars. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. Compared with nonplayers, people with extensive exposure to violent video gaming display ________ desensitization to violence, and they are ________ likely to help an injured victim. Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. It was used in the context of the last major effort by electric utilities . Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. c. cognitive dissonance. (2020). Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). This reaction is best explained in terms of: After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any person they perceived as Middle Eastern. For instance, the constitution of the United States attempted to ensure that all people were represented by the government and could participate in the creation of government. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Membership. Finally, the tendency to categorize can be associated with discrimination. The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: These maps of the group terrain predict specific types of discrimination for specific kinds of groups. Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, emotional responses such as a speaker's attractiveness. Hanna overcriticizes him for minor errors. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". b. a. the bystander effect. Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. ____________ can be defined as any physical or verbal behavior that is intended to hurt or destroy. b. Conformity Rumination refers to the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). This means, potentially, that there is left-wing authoritarianism that promotes conventional progressive values and seeks to silence dissenting voices (Manson, 2020). a. warrior Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. C) a perceived incompatibility of actions or goals. Indicators of aversive racism correlate with discriminatory behavior, despite being the ambiguous result of good intentions gone bad. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. This statement best reflects the: Victoria is a fifth grader in Carson Elementary School. The tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups is called. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. Where slavery was practiced, prejudice ran strong. Participants paid $1 more likely to change their beliefs about the task. "Them"those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup. Turner, J. C. (1975). Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. The tendency for people to believe the world is Just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. During lunch a group of computer science majors were discussing their choice of field. Like SDO, there does appear to be an association between this ideology (i.e. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. How is it that entire groups of people were left out of political participation, justice, and freedom? The Milgram obedience experiments were controversial because the: "Teachers" were deceived and frequently subjected to stress. After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or false: Prejudice definitions can include positive or negative judgments., Prejudice is having a negative attitude toward groups or individuals, whereas _____ is when those attitudes turn into behaviors toward the group or individual., In the context of the world, every race is a: and more. The girls are reacting to: Your new roommate is from Ireland. This is the term that refers to a positive attitude . This is best illustrated in studies of, Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying, Most children believe their school is better than the other schools in town. triangular theory of love. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). Within the realm of personality psychology, the false-consensus effect does not have significant effects.This is because the false-consensus effect relies heavily on the social environment and how a person interprets this environment. 6. You are Black, and you have difficulty recognizing the White customers who were in your store during a robbery. c. the social-responsibility norm. Reduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others. frustration-aggression principle., The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: a. a social trap. Misra, S., Le, P.T., Goldmann, E. & Yang, L.H. The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. 1. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. tendency. Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. Receives a utility bill on July 2 totaling $4,560 for services received during June. hide 31 types. We identify o We compare Ingroup bias o Tendency to favor ones own group o. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of, In laboratory experiments, merely observing someone receive painful electric shocks leads viewers to think less of the victim. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene. Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups . Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. Armstrong Publishing had 25% of its sales in mysteries, 10% in biographies, 15% in cookbooks, 15% in romance novels, 20% in science, and the rest in business books. Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. It pays the utility bill during July. swissworld: saisons Psychology questions and answers. The orientation of all people is "growth, autonomy, and freedom from control by external forces" (Schunk, 2016, p. 349). Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (2010). B) ingroup bias. Could you feel that some associations are easier than others? Confirmation bias occurs from the direct influence of desire on beliefs. Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. What is faithful representation, and why is it important. The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. (tn dn si) n., pl. B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. In order for a transaction to be recorded in a business accounting records, the effects of the transaction must be faithfully represented. scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Instead, it measures how quickly people make judgments about the goodness or badness of various groups. This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. As a result, the White person may give a good excuse to avoid such awkward situations. This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. This belief best illustrates: While visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian is said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." a. cognitive dissonance. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). One student admitted that he had once considered becoming an accountant but decided against it because "accountants are all boring number crunchers without an ounce of creativity." As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). Distinguish prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. People naturally create mental categories. This is how the IAT works: measuring tiny differences in the time it takes you to make judgments. For example, ethnic Asians living in the United States are commonly referred to as the model minority because of their perceived success in areas such as education, income, and social stability. Expert Answer. The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction.

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